Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle.
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Family
Simarubaceae
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. English Name
Tree if Heaven
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Local Name
Bahishti Darakht
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Description
A deciduous tree that sometimes grows with a crooked trunk to a height of 20 m, but heights of 6 to 10 m are more common. The crown is usually open. The leaves are pinnately compound, long approximately 30 to 40 cm. It is dioecious. The flowers are borne in terminal panicles. The fruit is 3.5 to 5 cm in diameter. Flowers occurs in April and June, while fruit matures between May and June. It appears to be disease and insect free with the exception of some tent caterpillar defoliators. It is reproduced from seed, cuttings and root suckers. Seed is small and can be kept in cold storage in closed containers for 2 years without loss of viability. A fast-growing tree that grows to a height of 3 to 4 m in a period of 5 months. Reports of 25 years old stands with average diameters of 36 cm and height of 13 meters are not uncommon. Coarse textured straight grained. Soft, non-durable wood having white to pale yellow color, with specific gravity of 0.40 and a calorific value of 4885.
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Distribution
The tree is native to China and Japan. It has been successfully cultivated throughout the world. It has become naturalized in Pakistan and can be found almost anywhere you travel from 0 to 1700 m elevation. It has been planted in Islamabad as avenue tree and quite extensively in Hazara (N.W.F.P.) in erosion control works. A moderately intolerant tree that will stand some shade and is extremely aggressive. It grows well on all kinds of soils including porous, dry, hard, wet, acid alkaline, rocky, swampy and marginal sites in general. It is adapted to a precipitation zone of 350 to 600 mm/yr or more, in a temperature range of -10 to 40°C and is frost hardy. It prefers a semi-arid temperate, sub-tropical, sub-humid, cool, sub-tropical monsoon climate from 0 up to 1700 m elevation.
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Uses
A very aggressive tree that will do well on very harsh sites. It has survived air polluted environments and consequently is planted in densely populated urban area and large cities. Ideally suited for shade, shelterbelts and erosion control, especially in areas of high industrial air pollution. Useful farm forestry tree on harsh sites. Also used for erosion control, furniture, charcoal, and tannin.